An open-source investigative dataset on bus-related fatalities in the Dhaka metropolitan area, the structural incentives that produce them, and the accountability failures that perpetuate them.
| # | Operator | Status | Documented Deaths | Key Incidents | BRTA Action | Evidence Tier | Sources |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OP-001 |
Suprobhat Paribahan
সুপ্রভাত পরিবহন
Route: Sadarghat–Gazipur
|
BANNED March 2019 |
3+
Single incident documented
|
19 March 2019: Bus Reg. Dhaka Metro-Ba-11-4135 killed BUP student Abrar Ahmed Choudhury at Jamuna Future Park zebra crossing. Same bus had struck student Cynthia Islam Mukta at Shahzadpur minutes earlier. Driver fled. Owner (named in charges) + 5 others charged under Road Transport Act. Student protests triggered route permit cancellation |
Route permit cancelled (March 2019). Owner charged. | Confirmed |
Bangla Tribune (2019) The Daily Star (2019) Dhaka Tribune (2019) Court charge records cited in press |
| OP-002 |
Victor Classic
ভিক্টর ক্লাসিক
Evidence suggests: successor to Suprobhat (same route)
|
ACTIVE / Disputed |
5+
2019–2025
|
2019: Music director Parvez Rob killed in Uttara — investigating reports established the driver was an unlicensed helper (no licence on record). 2024–25: Multiple incidents on Progati Sarani corridor reported. Buses torched by crowds on at least 2 occasions per media reports. |
On BRTA watchlist. No confirmed cancellation as of v1.0. | Confirmed (incidents) Probable (Suprobhat link) |
Daily Sun (rebrand report 2019) The Daily Star tags Dhaka Tribune (2019) |
| OP-003 |
Akash Paribahan
আকাশ পরিবহন
Evidence suggests: successor to Victor Classic
|
ACTIVE |
2+
Documented Oct 2024
|
October 2024 (exact date to be confirmed): Two Akash Paribahan buses racing on Progati Sarani, Madhya Badda. Tasnim Jahan Airin killed at the scene. Sister Nusrat Jahan Jerin critically injured. Eyewitness testimony (TBS News, Dhaka Tribune) confirms racing. Victim family explicitly stated belief in Suprobhat/Victor Classic ownership continuity — this is eyewitness testimony, not independently verified corporate record. | Drivers arrested. Owner identity not yet confirmed in public record as of v1.0. | Confirmed (incident) Alleged (ownership link) |
TBS News (Oct 2024) Dhaka Tribune (Oct 2024) Prothom Alo (Oct 2024) |
| OP-004 |
Jabal-e-Noor Paribahan
জাবালে নূর পরিবহন
|
PARTIALLY BANNED |
4+
2018 key incident
|
29 July 2018: Two Jabal-e-Noor buses racing near Kurmitola General Hospital, Airport Road. Shaheed Ramiz Uddin Cantonment College students Diya Khanam Mim and Abdul Karim Rajib killed. This incident directly triggered the 2018 Safe Road Movement. 4 drivers and helpers given 7-day remand. Two bus registrations cancelled by BRTA (confirmed by court records). | 2 bus registrations cancelled (confirmed). 3 staff convicted (life sentences commuted — see Financial Express 2020). | Confirmed |
Dhaka Tribune (2018) The Daily Star BRTA registration records cited in press Financial Express (2020 — sentencing) |
| OP-005 |
Imad Paribahan
ইমাদ পরিবহন
Long-haul operator (Expressway)
|
PERMIT REVOKED |
19
Single incident · confirmed
|
Bus plunged off Padma Bridge Expressway, Shimana, Kutubpur. ARI-BUET formal investigation concluded the bus's fitness certificate AND route permit were both suspended at time of operation. Operator permitted to run on revoked credentials — a systemic failure of BRTA enforcement documented in the official investigation report. | Permit revoked post-incident. ARI-BUET investigation published. | Confirmed |
ARI-BUET Investigation Report (official, published) Financial Express The Daily Star |
| OP-006 |
Raida Paribahan
রাইদা পরিবহন
|
ACTIVE |
3+
Pattern-documented
|
Multiple reports of speeding on Kuril Flyover. Pedestrian fatalities in Progati Sarani corridor attributed in media reports. Named in BRTA 2021 blacklist of 25 companies. Specific incident dates and victim names not independently confirmed in this dataset — flagged as data gap. | BRTA blacklisted Dec 2021. No confirmed permit cancellation as of v1.0. | Probable — pattern only |
TBS News (BRTA list 2021) bdnews24 (BRTA list 2021) |
| City/Country | Bus Fleet Model | Driver Pay Model | Public Crash Dashboard | Rate /100k | Key Structural Difference | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dhaka, Bangladesh | 5,000+ individual owners under 200+ competing "banners." No franchise. | Trip-based joma. Driver pays owner first. Zero salary. | None | ~19.3 | Joma incentive creates racing. No chassis registry. 92% political connectivity (TIB). | Confirmed |
| Delhi, India | DTC (public) + franchised private operators | Salary-based for DTC. Some contractor variation. | Partial | ~16.0 | Franchise model reduces racing incentive on regulated routes. | Confirmed |
| Jakarta, Indonesia | TransJakarta BRT (public) + reformed private sector since 2014 | Salary-based post-2014 TransJakarta reform | Yes — published | ~12.2 | BRT reform eliminated racing incentive on key corridors. Template applicable to Dhaka. | Confirmed |
| Singapore | SBS Transit + SMRT. Fully franchised, state-licensed. | Full salary + performance bonus. Zero revenue-based target. | Full real-time | ~2.8 | Zero racing incentive. Complete operator accountability. Route-level performance data published. | Confirmed |
| # | Intervention | Evidence Base | Comparator | Local Barrier | Priority |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S-01 |
Abolish Joma/Waybill System
Convert city bus drivers to monthly salary contracts. Eliminate trip-based revenue target that directly incentivizes racing.
|
TransJakarta reform (2014) demonstrated racing reduction post-salary conversion. Delhi DTC model. Dhaka Nagar Paribahan pilot (partial). | Jakarta, Delhi | Requires buy-in from owner class (politically connected per TIB). Franchise model needs enabling legislation. | P0 — IMMEDIATE |
| S-02 |
Chassis-Linked Digital Vehicle Registry
Permanent public record linking chassis/VIN to owner history, accident history, fitness certificates, and route permits. Makes rebrand-and-continue impossible.
|
Singapore LTA model. TransJakarta fleet management system. UK DVLA accident linkage system. | Singapore, UK | BRTA already holds registration data — public access is a policy decision, not a technical barrier. Requires political will. | P0 — STRUCTURAL |
| S-03 |
Owner Criminal Liability
When an unlicensed driver hired by an owner causes death, the owner faces manslaughter charge. Breaks impunity where all risk falls on fleeing driver.
|
UK corporate manslaughter legislation. Australia's heavy vehicle chain of responsibility laws. Road Transport Act 2018 (Bangladesh) — provision exists, enforcement absent. | UK, Australia | Legal framework partially exists. Prosecution requires political independence of judiciary and enforcement. | P1 — ENFORCEMENT |
| S-04 |
Independent Accident Investigation Body
Separate from BRTA and police. Authority to compel evidence, access CCTV, publish findings. Modelled on aviation/rail accident investigation boards.
|
UK RAIB model. Malaysia AAIB road equivalent. ARI-BUET Expressway investigation (Imad case) demonstrates what independent investigation can produce even with current capacity. | UK, Malaysia | ARI-BUET has investigative capacity. Requires legislative mandate and operational independence. | P1 — SYSTEMIC |
| Dataset | Who Should Hold It | Current Status | Why It's Missing | Investigative Impact | Upgrade Path |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BRTA Bus Crash Registry Crash history by vehicle chassis |
BRTA | Closed / Not Public | Classified. Enabling bribery ecosystem: operators pay to suppress negative records. Political sensitivity of permit holder registry. | Would confirm or deny Phoenix ownership chains definitively. Would enable operator-level death rate calculation for the first time. | RTI application under Information Rights Act 2009. Litigation if denied. International pressure via WHO/World Bank reporting. |
| Hospital Trauma Records Injury cause + vehicle type |
DGHS / DNCC hospitals | Not digitized / Not linked | No standardized injury cause coding in most hospitals. Paper records not aggregated. Hospital death ≠ road accident death in official statistics. | Hospital records are the only ground truth for the 5.8× underreporting claim. Without them, the WHO estimate cannot be validated at Bangladesh hospital level. | DGHS-CIPRB National Injury Survey (2023) is a partial proxy. Full hospital linkage requires health ministry mandate. |
| Police FIR Operator Name Field FIRs linked to company, not just plate |
Bangladesh Police | Not collected systematically | FIRs record registration numbers, not operator brand. This is a recording practice decision — the information exists (BRTA has it) but is not linked at point of FIR. | Without this, operator-level accountability is impossible. Every fatality record is anonymous at the company level. | BRTA–Police data sharing protocol. Single policy change that requires no new infrastructure. |
| Route Permit Beneficial Owner Registry Actual individual behind each permit |
BRTA | Classified | Many permits held by front companies or politicians' associates. Publication would expose political ownership of the sector and undermine the protection racket. | Would confirm or deny Phoenix ownership chains. Would establish whether enforcement failures are random or targeted (i.e., connected operators never lose permits). | RTI application. OCCRP/ICIJ corporate database cross-referencing. Company registry search under Companies Act 1994. |
This report is a work of investigative data journalism. All factual claims are accompanied by source citations and evidence tier labels. The terms "implicated," "alleged," "associated with," and "evidence suggests" are used according to the formal definitions in the Evidence Framework (Evidence tab) and do not constitute legal findings, civil liability determinations, or criminal accusations.
No individual or organisation named in this report has been found guilty of any criminal or civil offence unless a specific court conviction is explicitly cited and labeled as such. The identification of bus companies as "associated with fatalities" reflects documented incident records, not a finding of corporate manslaughter, negligence, or intent.
Named parties in this report may submit factual corrections at any time via the project correction channel. Corrections are reviewed against source evidence and incorporated into subsequent versions with full documentation.
Absolute claims without proof are not permitted. The following language rules apply throughout:
No outreach was conducted to named operators, regulatory bodies, or individuals prior to this release. This is a deliberate publication posture.
This investigation is an open-source, public-record pattern documentation exercise. All claims originate from named public records and carry evidence tier labels. No claim asserts beneficial ownership, individual guilt, or intent. No claim depends on information not independently verifiable from named public sources.
Named parties may submit factual corrections at any time. Corrections are reviewed against source evidence and, where supported, incorporated into subsequent versions with full documentation in CHANGELOG.md. Corrections submitted without documentary support are logged but not actioned.
This posture is consistent with established practices in open-source investigative journalism where anonymous publication is adopted for contributor safety. See: Bellingcat editorial guidelines; GIJN framework on anonymous publication.
No corrections have been issued as of v1.0. All corrections will be logged here with: (1) date of correction, (2) original text, (3) corrected text, (4) reason, (5) source of the correction request.
| Date | Version | Section | Original Text | Corrected Text | Reason | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No corrections as of v1.0 | ||||||
If an operator, authority, or individual disputes a claim in this report:
| Evidence Dimension | Source(s) | Source Class | Date of Record | Specific Claim Supported | Inference Limitations | Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ownership | Bangla Tribune (2019): owner charged in Abrar case. Daily Sun (2019): reports Victor Classic as rebrand. | Court-cited press; investigative press | March–April 2019 | Person charged as Suprobhat owner. Victor Classic named as successor in Daily Sun investigation. | Court charge ≠ conviction. Daily Sun source method not fully described. No corporate registry cross-check conducted. | ALLEGED |
| Route | The Daily Star tags; Daily Sun report; multiple 2019–2025 incident reports on same corridor. | Major press (multiple) | 2019–2025 | Victor Classic and Akash operated Sadarghat–Gazipur corridor — same as Suprobhat. | Route could be coincidence; many operators share routes. Proves geographic continuity, not corporate identity. | CONFIRMED |
| Vehicle | No documentary source in current dataset. | None | N/A | Cannot be established from current open sources. | BRTA vehicle records not accessible. No authenticated photo. | UNVERIFIABLE |
| Eyewitness / Testimony | TBS News (Oct 2024): victim family stated belief in ownership continuity. Dhaka Tribune (Oct 2024): same. | Testimony (secondary) | October 2024 | Victim family and eyewitnesses believe same owners. This is testimony, not documentary proof. | Lay testimony cannot establish corporate ownership. Subject to memory, motive, and perception limitations. | ALLEGED |
| Media Confirmation | Daily Sun: "Banned Suprobhat tricks to operate by disguising buses." The Daily Star tags linking Suprobhat and Victor Classic. | Investigative press | 2019 | Investigative reporting linked the two entities at the time of the rebrand. | Press investigation quality not fully assessable from published text alone. Sourcing methodology not stated in accessible version. | PROBABLE |